Thursday, October 31, 2019

How will a confederate system in the GCC serve as a tool of Term Paper

How will a confederate system in the GCC serve as a tool of self-defense against foreign powers - Term Paper Example â€Å"The GCC, founded in 1981 as an economic and political group, includes Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, Kuwait, Qatar, Oman and Bahrain. They chose a confederation system† (Hawari). The confederate system in the GCC has many advantages and disadvantages. The threat from Iran is successfully blocked by the confederate system in the GCC. The political problems in the member country Bahrain is currently causing problems to the stability of GCC. United States is looking for an opportunity to interfere in Bahrain as they did in Iraq. The confederate system in the GCC can do many things to bring stability in Bahrain and to block United States from interfering in Bahrain. â€Å"At the conclusion of a two-day summit held in Riyadh on December 20, 2011, GCC leaders endorsed a proposal by King Abdullah of Saudi Arabia to transform the GCC into a union of member states† (Al-Jayousi). This paper analyses the advantages and disadvantages of confederate system in the GCC; How GCC would protect themselves from the threats of Iran; How it would help bring stability to Bahrain and How it would stop the United States from using Bahrain as a way of intervention etc. A confederation â€Å"Makes it possible for the several states to cooperate in matters of common concern and also retain their separate identities†(Advantages and disadvantages of federal, confederate and unitary systems of Government). Increased cooperation between different countries under a common label will always increase the bargaining power of the confederation. For example, majority of the GCC countries are major suppliers of oil in international market. They can control oil production based on the demand and thus control the oil prices in international market. It should be noted that if individual GCC countries implement their own policies with respect to oil production and supply, internal

Tuesday, October 29, 2019

Resume Professional Profile Essay Example for Free

Resume Professional Profile Essay Professional Profile A dedicated professional consultant with experience in management and business organization. Client focused, management driven, goal oriented, a team player, detail and research oriented, enterprising work ethic and solid integrity. Accountable and well organized. Skills and Certifications Primavera Software Complete MS Office package; Including MS Project, WordPerfect, Outlook Calendar, Registrar, Corel Draw, PageMaker,  Calendar Creator Plus E-mail, Internet design programs, SAVRR, CSTX System, Phoenix Typing 110 wpm, 10-key/touch Dbase III, Visio, Training Server Registration TAS Navigator Upgrade MS Access, Viewpoint   Purchasing Plus software, Blue-stake EZ-Trak P3 Scheduling Document Express Documentum Expedition IRMO RMS   Maximo Professional/Interpersonal Skills Asset Recognition Transfer – government to government, contractor to government; received recognition for leading the AFCEE Contractors in top closeouts at PMR Knowledge of Project Management Portals used by various AFCEE contractors (lap. lagunaconstruction; Ecconet; kbrconnect; URSConnect) Primavera Expedition Document Controls Administrator Contract Data Requirement List (CDRL) Experience with: JCCI, NAFVAC, AFCEE, MOE, MOD, DOD, COE Overseas Project Close-out/De-mobilization Plans (JCCI, NAFVAC, AFCEE, MOE, MOD, DOD, COE) close-out and turned over 600 projects totaling over 3 billion in revenue. SOP development and implementation Built and implemented Complete Document Control program (Halliburton ECCI) Catalogue Secure all Design As-Built drawings in accordance with SOP-206 Engineering Assistant Manage Overseas Man Camp/billets; security contracts; life support Team Development and Leadership training for Iraqi Local Nationals Manage Overseas Man Camp/billets; security contracts; life support Government Property Management for all Iraq and U.S. Area (JCCI, AFCEE, COE, PMO, NAVFAC, MNSTC-I) Task Orders, in-depth knowledge of the DD1354 and DD1149, DD250, Property Material Transfer and Supply procedures. International Logistics Manager Petty Cash Management / Payroll (maintain 100k average) Budgeting Skills Procurement Skills Contracts/Subcontracts (FAR) administration skills RFQ (request for quotes) Wrote, implemented, and manage the first AFCEE Warranty Program in Iraq Leasing skills Management and Organizational skills Facilities Management Skills ESL Instruction/Indochinese Refugees International Business Development Support (Proposal Production; Time line scheduling, etc.) Portal Maintenance; development; training and design Professional/Consulting Experience Laguna Construction Company, Baghdad, Iraq Project Manager-Task Order Contract Closeout Identify, perform QC/QA on all Contract Deliverables while interfacing with Client AFCEE/MNSTC-I for transfer of reach back and ongoing Task orders.   SME for JCCI/MNSTCI closeout processes for MoF closure of MoD contracts.   Maintain Company Database; on-site acting Contract Compliance Manager.   Set up and expedite best practices for company.   Other duties as team requires. Berger-URS-JV, PCO-GRD Baghdad, Iraq Closeout Control Manager for Facilities and Transportation Provide lead support role in project closeout activities.   Set metric-based goals, regular tracking and reporting close-out progress using computer applications.   Support transfer of facilities to owner.   Consolidate project files.   Manage electronic files, using Excel and database applications such as Maximo, IRMO, RMS and â€Å"P† drive.   Represent closeout group at weekly meetings and provide verbal and written reports.   Maintain action items and notifies designated managers of overdue items. Kellogg, Brown, and Root Services, CONCAP Program, International Locations Document Controls-Project Closeout Manager Project Closeout Specialist preparing deliverables for NAVFAC and preparing Demobilization and Closure Plan for submission.   Document Closeout – Primavera Expedition.   Implemented Documents Control sub-department and wrote SOP for Documents Control Specialist.   Delivered over 600 million in CONCAP Task Orders from Dec. 2005 thru July 2006. Document Control Manager (Procurement Materials) Serve as document liaison for Regional Baghdad PMP (Property, Materials and Procurement) operations in Taji, Camp Cooke.   Wrote and implemented theatre wide Data base program networked to encompass all PMP operations.   Reported on procurement, and contracting activities to Houston office.  Ã‚  Ã‚   Maintained records retention schedules for International/Military Documents.   Monitored quality reporting under Master Agreements as it relates contractually. Managed and reported petty cash funds between Regional offices in Baghdad Taji, Camp Cooke.   Manage logistics of office and field supplies. ECCI, AFCEE Program, Baghdad, Iraq  Ã‚   Administrative Operations Manager, Logistics Manager, Government Property Liaison Currently travel 75% of the time in Theatre, closing out Task Orders and Writing Closure/Demobilization plans for completed projects.  Ã‚   Responsible for preparing CDRL Deliverables in the form of Turnover packages on all Projects to Client.   Work closely with client on Portal management.   Manage the Iraq Post closeout Warranty program.   Tasked to write SOP’s in an effort to standardize practices within theatre. Currently work in Program Controls in a Management Capacity in the areas of International Logistics, Document Control implementation, Government Property Controls and Task Order Operations. When supporting An Numaniyah Military Base as Operations Administrative Manager, duties included the management of day to day Administrative operations. Supervised up to ten employees; maintained payroll; petty cash; timesheet maintenance and distribution for ECCI and private Consultants, set up complete file maintenance system; wrote and implemented Administrative Office procedures.   Acted as liaison between the Client and ECCI; developed and implemented first Document Control Category Classifier for Retention of Records in Iraq, handled Administrative Turn-over of a 58 million dollar project to our client, AFCEE. Implemented and closed-out Project Documents.   Coordinate with Security and Program Managers during development and implementation of the demobilization plan.   Primary point of contact for all incoming and outgoing logistics; including employees; supplies; mail; etc.   Maintained project leave schedule; including processing all forms for leave, expenses, petty cash disbursements, cash advances, and Personnel Change Notifications.   Supported the Project Cost Specialist by expediting invoices during leave; Implemented and delivered a complete inventory of Government Property. Updated six months of post dated Portal data, maintained and QC’d daily maintenance of ANMB Portal.  Ã‚   Worked with Headquarters to improve Portal delivery to AFCEE, and delivered feed-back to enhance Portal friendliness.   Continue to trained   Operations Assistants, Project Managers, and Quality Managers in all duties, focusing on Document Control; Portal Maintenance; petty cash distribution; and coping strategies of living and working in the field.  Ã‚  Ã‚   Performed all other duties assigned by Director of Operations and Program Controls. ECCI, UXO-CEA Program, Al-Taji Iraq Financial Specialist/ Logistics Coordinator Served in dual roles managing human resource documentation, employee time sheets, travel reimbursements, document control, and responsible for the following Reporting efforts:   Operations Reporting; SitRep Reporting, Weekly Corps of Engineer Reporting.   Maintained controlled file management for munitions records.   Serve as primary Dispatch for Taji Base operations.   Worked closely with Iraqi Nationals in the capacity of Contract Administrator for the Rafiadian Security force and served as the Local Labor force Liaison.   Attend Base Defense meetings, supervised two Iraqi Interpreters, and coordinated Billeting efforts with Parsons Logistics.   Developed and maintained close contact with Mayor Cell at Camp Cooke. Additional duties needed. Pierson Construction/Engineering Firm, Tempe Arizona Dispatch/Purchasing Agent Supervise company runner; Dispatch, Purchase and Coordinate 12 full crews on 15 open jobs in multi-million dollar Water and Sewer projects.   Managed various logs, purchase order preparations, price-out and award contracts for all materials and equipment.   Developed and maintain systems integrity within Company’s computer tracking system, and all other duties as assigned.   Expedited all below grade piping and aggregate from Suppliers in US and Internationally.    Dell Computer Corporation/Dell University, Austin, TX Administrative Specialist (Promotion w/in Dell Computer Corporation) Project centered position, supporting V.P. of Human Resources  Product Services Group.   Use high level of discernment and confidentiality working with employment, salary and stock option planning.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Sr. Administrative Assistant   Support three program managers and one director by managing and coordinating meetings and training events between Suppliers, Executive Offices, and lines of business.   Outlook calendar and e-mail management. Record and distribute minutes for three Global Task Forces. Process and drive Contracts, Statement of Work, Non-disclosure Agreement’s, Purchase Requisitions and Orders, by working closely w/Procurement, Legal and Accounts Payable.   Coordinate all aspects of Inter-National and domestic travel for managers/director.   Utilized Excel to manage department Budget, and monitor metrics in Road mapping projects.   Proficient in Microsoft Access for tracking logistics, confirm training and vendor records. Program Administrator responsible for team of consultants contracted under QSAT.   General Office practices.    Office of the Attorney General, Austin, TX Training Specialist II, (Promotion within Office of the Attorney General) Developed, researched, delivered the following training: Customer Service, Stress Management, Telephone Etiquette, Office Administration, Records Management Retention Scheduling, WP6.1 intro and intermediate, WP5.1, Intro to Olivetti, CPR and First Aide, Financial Collections Procedures, Introduction to logistics, Human Resource, Technical, Safety, Management Training.   Traveled 70%.   Served as a consultant to various departments and field offices to understand specific requirements needs to provide research options and solutions.    Training Media Coordinator/Conference Meeting Planner Planned statewide logistics for conference/training space, food and beverage, vendor hospitality and sleeping rooms.   Handle special conferences as mandated by Director of Child Support.   Negotiated and processed contracts and associated paperwork for out-of-agency training facilities, sleeping rooms and equipment statewide. Developed and maintained a database for statewide training and conference events. Managed and planned build-out specifications and Building Inventory for 15 off-site PC training centers statewide.   Coordinated and maintained all Media.   Designed, coordinated, maintained and distributed training calendar state wide.   Previewing hotels in-state and out-of-state for possible conference sites.   Evaluated software packages for conversion of Training Scheduling and Database.   Systems Administrator-Registrar.    Education Lamar University, Beaumont, Texas Business Administration/Computer Science 1988 Austin Community College, Austin, Texas Accounting 1980 References Letters of Recommendation are available upon request

Saturday, October 26, 2019

How Youtube And Facebook Earned Their Success Media Essay

How Youtube And Facebook Earned Their Success Media Essay The objective of this report is to investigate how and why Youtube, Facebook and Twitter earned their success. Students are exposed to the method of proper report writing and spruce team work among group members. This report examines the three social media (Youtube, Facebook and Twitter) as they are currently the most popular networking sites on the internet. Most of our resources originate from online articles (ie: BBC, Readers Digest, TIMES) and assemblage of brainstorming sessions. We also made an online survey to analyze the public opinions. Since it was founded in February 2005 by three former PayPal employees,[1] Youtube has grown and become the most popular video sharing website on the internet which serve as a consumer media website that allows its users from around the world to watch, upload and share videos on the net. After being bought by Google Inc. for $1.65 billion in November 2006[2], Youtube has since achieved 100 million videos views each day and more than 65,000 new videos uploads per day and is ranked as the third most popular website just behind Google and Facebook.[3] [4] Youtube uses Adobe Flash Video technology and format to display various user-generated video content which includes movie clips, TV clips, music videos, amateur content as well as materials from partnership program with media corporations such as CBS, the BBC and UMG. Youtube generates its revenue mainly from advertisements displayed on the search pages and in the videos themselves. [5] Youtubes great achievement is largely down to three criteria and the three main features it offers to users which are watch, upload and share. With limited choice available for users to post and search videos with such ease, Youtube immediately become the popular choice among internet users. Online video existed long before Youtube, however Youtube excels unlike its pre-successors because it offers the much wanted platform that makes uploading, watching and sharing videos effortlessly. Youtube has managed to overcome the problems of earlier generation video sharing sites such as limited bandwidth, insufficient materials and inability to share. Besides that, Youtube has gone further by providing some extra enhanced features such as video-tagging, rating, commenting and also embedding of videos. With its great traffic flow, Youtube is able to attract big clients to advertise on their products and services on Youtube site. It is reported that Youtubes revenue reached US$200 million in year 2008. [6] This is considered as a large amount since it does not charge any member fees and only focus on advertisement incomes. Facebook Facebook is a famous free social networking website that allows registered users to create their own profiles, upload photos and video, and send messages with friends, family and colleagues. The Facebook has modernized keeping in touch all over the world. Friends and family members can now connect with each other in a network and share personal stuff such as message, video, games and plan events together. Facebook isnt just for teens and young adults. It is a wonderful and practical way for people of all ages to keep in touch on a regular basis. According to survey the largest audience in Facebook is currently the adult over forties. In addition, Facebook is now available in more than 100 different languages [7] By using Facebooks innovative Translations application, all phrases and words in Facebook are translated into several major language on earth such as Chinese, Franà §ais, Malay, Italiano, and etc[8]. Geography and language is no longer a boundary. Mark Zuckerberg, 23, founded Facebook while he was studying psychology at Harvard University. Majoring in computer programming, Mr Zuckerberg developed a number of social-networking websites for fellow students before his sensation with Facebook. He later drops out from Harvard and pursues his dream of making the worlds largest internet social network website. Currently, the social networking site currently has over 400 million active users the site remains free to join, and makes a profit through advertising proceeds. Yahoo and Google are among companies which have expressed interest in a buy-out, with huge figures of around $2bn ( £975m) being discussed. Mr Zuckerberg has so far refused to sell[9]. Mark Zuckerberg inspirational success story is made into a Hollywood movie call The Social Network which will debut in October 2010. It will feature actors such as Jesse Eisenberg, Rashida Jones and Justin Timberlake. Twitter Twitter is built around one simple question what are you doing? [10] Since its creation in 2006, Twitter has gained notability and popularity worldwide because of its simplicity. It is sometimes described as SMS of the Internet since each tweets is limited to 140 character which is the standard length for handphone text. [11] When Twitter co-founders Stone, Jack Dorsey and Evan Williams began working on their new Web idea, Dorsey suggested a site that emulated the status feature of instant-messaging services, which lets people know whether youre online. Tweets are  displayed on the authors profile page and delivered to the authors subscribers who are known as  followers. Senders can restrict delivery to those in their circle of friends or, by default, allow open access. Twitter is accessible through web and Smartphones. Public figures such as Dalai Lama, Barrack Obama, Ashton Kutcher and Kim Kardashian had sanctioned the popularity of this service. Twitters rapid growth made it the object of intense interest and a fair amount of ridicule, as it was derided as high-tech trivia or the latest in time-wasting devices. [12] As Twitter grows, it will increasingly become a place where companies build brands, do research, send information to customers, conduct e-commerce and create communities for their users. [13] A Malaysian company, Churp-churp, took a step forward by innovating Twitter advertising. [14] However, Twitter in Malaysia is not as popular as Youtube and Facebook and its demographic in Malaysia is focused on young urbanites. Methodology 18  respondents were surveyed from 26th March 2010 to 5th April 2010 via a statistic website, http://www.surveymonkey.com/. The statistics were analyzed. Graphs and charts were drawn. We interviewed few individuals on 1st April 2010 regarding their personal opinion and experience using these social networking sites. The outcome from both procedures is significant in helping us to understand how YouTube, Facebook and Twitter captivate millions of internet users. Furthermore, we researched articles from reliable source on the internet from TIME, BBC, New York Times and The Star. Discussions In general, our findings indicated that all three social media are preferred for their user-friendliness. Youtubes instant success lies mainly in the rich media it contains. Users can search for the videos they desire easily and instantly. Searching for a video in Youtube is never easier, once the keywords have been typed in, a list of videos related would appear. Also, related contents or videos posted by the same uploader would also appear in a list for ease of use when viewers are watching a video in Youtube. This is extremely helpful when one is watching a series of videos, because he does not need to search again for the subsequent episode, all he has to do is just look inside the list and click at the video he wants to play. Besides that, Youtube has also generated a list of favourite and most-viewed videos for users who have no idea on what to watch. One can slowly browse through this list and look for which video he is interested in. Most of the Youtube clips do not exceed 10 minutes; hence it makes a great choice for someone who has few minutes to kill. In order to view videos on Youtube, the Adobe Flash Player plug-in is required to be installed on the browser. As the Adobe Flash Player is one of the most common pieces of software installed on personal computers nowadays, viewing Youtube videos is by means not a problem for most of the users. Uploading is made easy by Youtube, even someone with minimal amount of computer knowledge can make and post videos on Youtube. All that is needed is just a video recording device such as cell phone, camcorder or even webcam. Best of all, Youtube even provides instructions on how to upload a video in its site and one would only need to follow those steps and his videos would be available for viewing. This process is almost hassle-free as it accepts videos in most container formats, including .AVI, .MKI, .MOV, .MP4, DivX, .FLV, and .OGG. As so, users do not have to go through video format converting to upload their videos because Youtube supports most of the video codecs such as MPEG, MPEG-4, and WMV. You tube made video improvements which allow viewers to view videos in high definition and widescreen modes, features that is proved crucial especially when ones priority is high quality and movie-like experience. YouTube originally offered videos at one quality level which is at resolution of 320240 pixels using H.263 Sorenson Spark codec, with mono MP3 audiobut that has now changed. Youtube videos are now available in a range of quality levels, with the higher quality levels offering better and improved picture definition. 720p HD support was added and also, the Youtube player was changed from 4:3 aspect ratio to widescreen 16:9 in November 2008. 1080p HD support followed in November 2009. These improvements allow viewers to view videos in high definition and widescreen modes, features that are proved crucial especially when ones priority is high quality and movie-like experience. With Youtube, anybody could be a director or star because anybody can shoot their own videos and post it up Youtube. Since its creation, Youtube has since helped discover unknown singers because of the wide exposure of its videos. Someone who is virtually unknown could become the next hit with the aid of Youtube. Stars like Whitney Raenan, Jess Loren, Melanie Ungar and Christina Peoples were mere ordinary people before they decided to post their singings onto Youtube, a move which propels them to stardom. In an indirect way, Youtube provided a platform and opportunities for these soon to be stars to showcase their talents and if the world recognises their talents, a professional contract would surely follow suit. Picture 1: From right to left Youtube sensations. Justin Bieber with his mentor Usher; Pop singer Marie Digby; Nickolodeon featured humorist Fred Figglehorn. The introduction of Youtube Mobile allows users to access Youtube videos using mobile phones, however not all videos are available on the mobile version of the site. And last but not least, Youtube is free to use, users can simply visit Youtube and start viewing its videos and an account is not necessary for viewing videos. In the U.S., Facebook has the second highest number of unique visitors per month, surpassing Yahoo for the first time in January 2010. It was reported that of all time spent online in January, 11.6% was on Facebook, compared to less than 5% on Yahoo and Google each. The main factor that contributors to Facebook success are the experience was designed for college students, by college students. Thus, Facebook designs are based on college students needs and desires. College kids find the common ground to share their homework and interest. Besides that, Facebook represents a more persuasive local advertising opportunity as Facebook can guarantee deep penetration. Moreover, there are several features Facebook incorporated that made the service sticky. Here is the important experience as its simplicity. Registration to be Facebook user can be done in a few simple steps. It uses very intuitive and simple interface, uses text links for feature navigation, and the site is largely unobtrusive. This means that users are quite easy to adopt for its intended audience. Due to its simplicity, it doesnt require more time to finish loading in browser. The efficiency and fast respond of Facebook enable users who rush in time to check important mails or message in Facebook. Furthermore, attractive games and quizzes become another success factor of Facebook. Facebook offers huge number of games and quizzes for users to play. They dont require any installation or time to download; just a simple click would allow users to play game with their friends instantly. It is easy to setup a Facebook profile. Fill in your email address, add in your details and within moments people that had crossed path with you are willing add you as their friends. There is a privacy option if you want to decide on who you decide to block from seeing (ie: your boss). Sharing is caring. With Facebook this proverbial has never been truer. Besides that you may poke, throw sheep, comment, scrabble and poker with your friends. There are various fan page or groups that acts like a forum to choose from. It can be a useful tool or a complete waste of time. Either way Facebook is having a dramatic impact on the World Wide Web. According to the young and geeky founder, Mark Zuckerberg, Facebook is the answer for our need to stay in touch, discover lost friends and maintain acquaintance. This mogul extraordinaire had rejected a 1 billion offer from Yahoo and on October 24 2007 Microsoft announced that it had purchased a 1.6% share of Facebook for $240 million, giving Facebook a total implied value of around $15 billion Picture 2: Mark Zuckerberg is one of the worlds billionaire under 25. Then, Twitter changed the landscape of social networking once again by making the whole system more public. No longer would you have to wait for a pesky friend request; you could follow and message anyone you wanted through the new medium. Twitter not only exists just for friends to tell friends that theyre on their way to the office or out to dine. Its become a kind of hyper grapevine news resource a way of instant messaging your circle of friends about your interests. It is known as micro blogging. Celebrities also became a big part of this network. Most famously, Stephen Fry twittered whilst he was stuck in a lift, providing great enjoyment to his followers and really helping to kick off Twitter in the UK. Picture 3: Stephen Fry helped popularize Twitter in UK with his misfortune being stucked in the elevator. Famous people who twitters: Lance Armstrong  Ã‚  Followers:  550,543 Al Gore  Ã‚  Followers:  523,035 Shaquille ONeal  Ã‚  Followers:  591,534 Barack Obama  Ã‚  Followers:  761,288 President of United States Arnold Schwarzenegger  Ã‚  Followers:  40,278 Actor turner Governor Martha Stewart  Ã‚  Followers:  329,723 Twitter has become so popular and addictive, so fast, that keeping up with its fast-growing user base is a real issue. The secret of Twitters success is realizing that folks dont want to use the Web for private conversations but public ones. Nearly 90% of Twitter users make their updates public, so everyone can read. The service is even credited with breaking news about fires and other natural disasters. It even saves lives. Demi Moore once alerted the local police force regarding a tweet by one of her followers who resolute for a suicide. This incident is stopped. As Twitter users know you can only say it in 140 characters or less. Twitter combines use of the Web, IMs and text messaging which makes in desirable in Smartphones application. Results of statistical Analysis Figure 1: Bar chart for the age group of survey participants. The survey that we conducted focused on the age group of 19-24. However it is reported that the fastest growing segment of social networking sites are the adults above 40 years of age. Figure 2: Pie chart for the gender of survey participants in percentage. 56% of our survey participants are female. Figure 3: Bar chart for accounts information of survey participants. Most people are on Facebook compared to Twitter and YouTube. Figure 4: Stacked bar char on hours that survey participants spent on social networking sites on a daily basis. YouTube and Twitter users spend less time compared to Facebook in their daily life. Perhaps Facebook is the most addictive site. Figure 5: Bar chart on material that are searched for in YouTube in percentage. AutoVehicles, Entertainment and Music are the lead search in YouTube. Figure 6: Pie chart on percentage of survey participants who agree that YouTube eases copyright infringement. Most people agree that YouTube is subject to copyright infringement. Measures must be taken to fight this. Figure 7: Stacked bar chart on frequency of Facebook activity in percentage. Profile viewing and passing time is the most famous activity in Facebook. Our participants note that they rarely chat or play games. Figure 8: Stacked bar chart that shows the criteria that is considered when adding friends in percentage. People are most likely to add their acquaintance in social networking sites. Figure 9: Doughnut chart on future predictions for social networking sites. Social networking sites are predicted to grow in the years to come. The advantages/disadvantages of social networking sites Advantage: meet new friends more friends content are inappropriate keep in touch with friends Keep in touch with long lost friends get to know people Disadvantage: some content are inappropriate a bad things happen will spread very fast Limitless access to information, whatever it might be, good or bad Rumors and gossip spread faster. Lies occur more less privacy waste time Subject to abuse by sex offenders Conclusions The main conclusion that can be drawn is therefore that social networking sites will flourish in the years to come. Microsoft was the boom in the nineties, followed by the Google domination over the last decade and now we will see the Facebook climb. One or other forms of internet revolution will take place. With social-networks like Facebook and Twitter blooming to popularity recently, it is no surprise to find out that Youtube is among the ones to enjoy the benefits of their success. This is because Youtube allows users to share its videos on these sites and by so YouTube grows in line with them. With the sharing feature, users are able to share their videos with their friends in these social networks. They could also let their friends know what is on their minds at the moment by sharing the songs or movies they like. Social networking sites could also serve as a place to gain popularity and spread news. When one has a proper message to deliver to the world, he can just take a video of it and post it up Youtube and the message would soon spread. For example, the Free Hugs campaign which initially started out in Sydney by Juan Mann but with the help of Youtube, it has now grown and expanded to various places around the world such as Taiwan, Israel, Italy and more. With a mass audience, it is no wonder a simple message could spread so fast. This could be put to good use if one is in need of urgent assistant such as in health and medical purposes. The social network site is first and foremost a site for socializing and sharing the trivia of life as we live it. But it is becoming a valuable networking tool for linking people with the same interests together in a relaxed manner. In summary, there is a lot of fun to be had on Youtube, Facebook and Twitter, as long as you are not abusing it. Recommendations In the light of these conclusions, we recommend that social networking should be monitored from abuse. There are defamation cases against user who misuse the facilities of these sites around the world. Certain shout outs may stir unwanted reaction. Drawing example from our local court case, Mohamad Tasyrif Tajudin, 25, was charged in the Sessions Court here over a post he made on social media network Facebook in relation to arsonist attacks on churches. The offence comes under Section 233(1)(a) of the Communications and Multimedia Act 1998 (Act 586) which can be charged under Section 233(3) of the same Act for making a threat with the intention of causing public unrest. Section 233 covers the improper use of network facilities or services. [15] In addition, advertising is an undeniable source of income for these sites but it could kill the joy of surfing. While there may be commercial value for using social networking sites to be in touch with others, the danger is that the net community could turn against a marketer viewed as being too crass by being relentlessly self-promoting. There are concerns on age limiting the users of these accounts. Parents should be more proactive in monitoring their children net activity. Although certain sites have put a ban against certain age limit, it is not a foolproof method since everybody cheats information on the internet. Inappropriate content may risk opening a window for pedophilia Students should control the time wasting unproductive addictive games. Some companies and schools had banned the access of these websites. Uploading content in these sites also creates business opportunities for budding companies or entrepreneurs as these serve as free advertising tool for the products or services offered. Also, by putting up a promoting video in Youtube, you actually place your brand in front of millions of viewers and potential customers. There are blogshops which regularly update and tag their dresses collection in Facebook. Socialization between the uploader and his viewers may improve the brand as the uploader could use the suggestions and feedbacks to help and. Youtube also provides the rating and comment features that lets viewers to rate videos and share their thoughts on that particular video. Instead of chatting with friends on a one-to-one basis, Facebook may equip with web conferencing feature which enables more than 2 users to chat together in the same time. Web conferencing is a method for people to communicate from their computers without any travel necessary. Facebook users could create conference room, invite their friends and communicate with all of their friends in a same time. Another feature Facebook can add in is the photo-edit feature. Every day, thousands or even millions of photos are uploaded with friends being tagged. To increase involvement of users, a photo editing application might prove to be useful. With the help of auto-size feature, users could upload any kind of photos regardless size and formats to Facebook. Users need not to install any photo-edit software in their computer in order to edit the photos with red-eye effect, blurring, and sensitive parts and so on. With the built in photo-edit application in Facebook, users may upload their perfect photos in an easy way. Appendices Appendix 1: Sample Survey Form 1. What is your age group? ___-below 19 ___-19-24 ___-above 24 2. What is your gender ___-M ___-F 3. Which of these social networking sites do you own? (you may choose more than one) ___-Facebook ___-Youtube ___-Twitter ___-None of the above (Why?) You may proceed to question 9. 4. How many hours do you spend on average everyday on (ignore the site that you dont own) 1-2 hours 2-3 hours 3-4 hours 4 hours >> Youtube Facebook Twitter 5. What materials do you search for on Youtube ? (May tick more than 1) ___-Comedy ___-Education ___-Entertainment ___-Film Animation ___-Gaming ___-Howto Style ___-Music ___-News Politics ___-Nonprofits Activism ___-People Blogs ___-Pets Animals ___-Science Technology ___-Sports ___-Travel Events ___-Shows ___-Movies ___-Contests ___-Events ___-Other (please specify) 6. Do you think Youtube makes it easier for violation of copyrights infringement? ___-Yes ___-No 7. How frequent do you access your Facebook to à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Never Rarely Sometimes Often Always View profiles Update status Chat Pass time Play games Add friends 8. When accepting new friends in Facebook/Twitter, what criteria do you consider? Most Unlikely Unlikely Fair Likely Most Likely Gender Common Interest Common Games Acquaintance Common friends Looks 9. What is your prediction for these social networking sites ___-it will continue to grow in the future ___-it will be out of trend soon ___-others (please specify) 10. What are the advantage/disadvantage of social networking site?

Friday, October 25, 2019

Tacit Knowing and Education :: Biology Essays Research Papers

Tacit Knowing and Education How is tacit knowing or tacit knowledge utilized in the classroom? This has been my question since discovering the term coined by Michael Polanyi and reading the excerpt of The Tacit Dimension. I have reflected on my experiences in a second grade classroom and observations of students being able to or not being able to refer to the tacit dimension in the classroom. In rethinking through Polanyi's assertion that "we can know more than we can tell", I will review ways in which students (children and adults) use intuition and other forms of tacit knowing in the classroom. I will also speak to the detrimental effects of particular school reforms such as the No Child Left Behind Act, which diminish the student's ability to use tacit knowledge in the classroom. What is tacit knowing/knowledge? It is something that is "implied or indicated but not actually expressed." It is what we already know by way of previous experience, or, habituation that has become second nature. This is not a far-fetched idea. If we go back to Plato's Republic, even he believed that humans have the capability to know the right thing to do because we were born with that information already in our minds. A life of study was a way to reflect on this knowledge and use it for the good of all. Children respond to material in the classroom using tacit knowledge. All we learn in some way relies on us connecting it somehow to something we already know. Tacit knowledge requires a synthesis of previous experience into the inner workings of the mind and memory. Certainly, other educational theorists saw the importance of this in the classroom. Some ways children use tacit knowledge is in the different interactions between other children and to adults, crying in the classroom to signify pain, confusion, and anger, etc. John Dewey's Experience and Education speaks specifically to this concept. "Every experience is a moving force." I equate "tacit knowing" to having previous experiences. Regardless of our being conscious of the importance of an event, our mind holds on to that experience and becomes a knowledge that we can utilize in the future. Can tacit knowing be utilized in the classroom? It is my opinion that it is becoming increasingly more difficult, particularly in public schools that must adhere to the strict testing of children for the sake of compliance to the No Child Left Behind Act, to rely on previous knowledge to help students learn in the classroom.

Wednesday, October 23, 2019

In Focus: Faye Glenn Abdellah’s Patient-Centered Approaches

For years, the existence and acceptance of nursing theories in different settings and aspects of nursing practice has transformed the profession in diverse ways both here and abroad. The utilization of such theories has provided the nursing community with specific knowledge and ways to enhance and develop skills and attitudes of nursing professionals in the practice of the profession. It has greatly helped in creating and sustaining our professional independence from the field of medicine by guiding our educational system, research methods and practice towards safe and quality care to patients (Marriner-Tomey, 1994; McLemore & Hill, 1965).The significance of studying nursing theories does not end with the benefits it may serve the profession in general. It also helps an individual, either a student or a nursing professional in several ways. An individual is able to develop critical thinking skills, able to differentiate values and hypotheses and able to find out purpose of functions in relation to the scope of practice of the nursing profession (Kozier, Erb, & Oliviere, 1995).In line with this, this paper attempts to analyze and evaluate a relevant nursing conceptual model authored by a renowned nurse theorist— Faye Glenn Abdellah, using the J. Fawcett’s Framework of Analysis and Evaluation of Conceptual Models of Nursing.Influenced by Virginia Henderson’s 14 principles of nursing, Maslow’s hierarchy of needs and Erik Erickson stages of development, Abdellah formulated her structural model with the goal of teaching and evaluating students and at the same time emphasize the need to create a body of knowledge exclusive to our profession that will help in gaining independence from the control of the medical profession  toward  patient-centered  care (Sigma Theta Tau International Honor Society of Nursing, 1998).Faye Glenn Abdellah authored the typology of 21 nursing problems which was initially published in the 1960 edition of Pat ient-Centered Approaches to Nursing. Since its initial appearance, the typology had major impact on the nursing profession as well as on the development of other nursing theories (Sigma Theta Tau International Honor Society of Nursing, 1998).Abdellah’s typology of 21 nursing problems is a conceptual model which describes the significant concerns of nursing instead of linking different relationships into phenomena. The conceptual model is mainly concerned with patient’s needs and the role of nurses in problem identification using a problem-solving approach. Abdellah’s work is classified under the nursing philosophy category in the sense that her work is based on analysis, rationalization, research and logical argument instead of using experiential methods. Logically speaking,Abdellah’s model can be described as inductive since she derived observations from previous studies which became the basis for her conceptualization. Philosophical statements are said to be based on opinions, arguments or propositions of different people. These statements are not experimental in nature because such statements based on goal, traditions and/or values cannot be tested for its correctness or wrongness (Marriner-Tomey, 1994).In  analyzing  and  evaluating  Abdellah’s  theory, her  work  cannot  be  separated  from  the  historical  background  where  the  conceptualization  of  the  21  nursing  problems  started.  It  was   in  the  1950s  when  the  nursing  profession  faced  a  lot  of  difficulties  arising  from  the  rapid   societal change and increasing demand for technological advancement. The methods and system used at that time  did not support and meet the demands of the rapid change thus creating a backlog in the nursing community.There was a lack of definition of nursing— its focus, scope and limitations especially that healthcare delivery to patients is mainly based on achieving institutional goals rather than meeting patient’s needs. The present system did not assist both the students and professionals in being attuned with the changes. Abdellah related this to the lack of scientific body of knowledge unique to the profession. That is why the formulation of the theory differentiated the practice of nursing from the practice of medicine emphasizing focus on 21 nursing problems that help patient in achieving state of wellness (Marriner-Tomey, 1994).Abdellah used the problem-solving approach in formulating the theory. She believes that a nurse should be able to identify and solve problems of patients in order to provide safe and quality care to patients. This identification of nursing problems, selection of data necessary to formulating and testing of interventions in assisting patient towards state of wellness closely resembles the nursing process. Abdellah pointed out that patients cannot receive quality care if the steps are done improperly. In my opinion, Abdellah’s approach is effective in the sense that the approach guarantees positive client response if the steps are specifically and carefully executed. This approach also improves a nursing professional skills and attitude by enhancing problem-solving abilities through identification of nursing problems in meeting the needs of the patient (Marriner-Tomey, 1994).Abdellah’s model includes four (4) fundamental concepts essential to nursing— person, environment, health and nursing. The first major concept is the person. The concept of person is described as people having physical, physiological and sociological needs. In her conceptual model, the person or patient is the main reason for the existence of nursing. However, this is quite contradicting since the typology of 21 nursing problems lacks holism. The model entails that a person returns to an improved state only by resolving each problem identified by a nursin g professional. It lacks holism in the sense that the patient or person which, is considered as a whole is not greater than the sum of it parts represented by his problems (Marriner-Tomey, 1994).Another major concept included in her theory is the concept of environment. This concept is the least conferred  and least emphasized in her theory. This is mentioned limitedly in problem number 17. The model explains that the patient more often than not interrelate and act in response to the environment. It also explains that the nurse is also a part of the patient’s environment thus the nurse takes responsibility in making the environment conducive for restoration of health. Abdellah also states that environment is also the home and community from where the patient comes from that is why Abdellah emphasized the need to broaden our scope in identifying problems and not limit our scope in the hospital setting (Potter & Perry, 1993).The third concept is health. Abdellah discussed hea lth as a state without illness. It is defined as a state without unmet needs and no anticipated or actual impairment. This is clearly exemplified in the list of 21 nursing problems. Abdellah also advocates holistic approach to patient-centered care and furthering the relevance of environmental factors in the concept of health (Potter & Perry, 1993).The last major concept is nursing. The concept of nursing is an essential element of her writing. In her model, nursing is defined as provision of service to individuals and families; therefore to society. It is mainly providing service to or for the patient or providing information that will significantly assist the patient in restoring health and alleviating impairment. Abdellah therefore viewed nursing as a helping profession (Sigma Theta Tau International Honor Society of Nursing, 1998)..Although Abdellah’s work provided a comprehensive meaning of the four major concepts, there are no statements in Abdellah’s writing tha t states any direct relationships among the four concepts. Each concept was only defined implicitly and no relational statements can be made out of it. The model is mainly concerned on development of a unique body of knowledge, which is nursing, through which identification of nursing problems and utilization of the problem-solving approach assists patients in meeting their needs.The model is said to have limited concepts and is only presented in a structural list. After Abdellah’s work has been published, her formulation of the 21 nursing problems has been a helpful tool in the areas of nursing practice, nursing research and nursing education (Sigma Theta Tau International Honor Society of Nursing, 1998).In our nursing practice, Abdellah’s typology of 21 nursing problems has helped nursing professionals in dealing with patient care in an orderly and well-structured manner. In using this typology, a nursing professional, with the problem-solving approach, is able to id entify patient’s problems, plan for his care and implement nursing interventions for the identified problem in a scientific manner.This problem-solving method has transformed our practice as we attempt to focus our attention to the client himself rather than focus on client’s medical condition which is more of the objective of the medical profession. Nursing professionals have also learned and understood the rationale behind each and every action we deliver to the client (Sigma Theta Tau International Honor Society of Nursing, 1998).Abdellah’s work has also provided significant changes in the area of nursing research as well since her work is basically based on research too. Many theories have been developed since the introduction of Abdellah’s work. The present nursing diagnosis classification system is presumed to be an outgrowth of this typology. This nursing philosophy continues to be a preferred basis of nursing studies at present (Sigma Theta Tau In ternational Honor Society of Nursing, 1998).Nursing education also benefited from Abdellah’s work. As previously explained, there was a lack of scientific body unique to our profession that hindered our independence from the medical profession. Abdellah’s work presented such unique body and gave the nursing profession a chance to come out of the control of the medical model. Gaining professional autonomy has helped the nursing community project a professional identity that has been widely accepted all over the world   (Potter & Perry, 1993).Abdellah’s nursing philosophy brings about nursing activities that meet not only client’s needs but of the society as well in the long run if each goal is carefully achieved through the problem-solving approach making this nursing philosophy socially significant. Abdellah’s work is socially significant because the 21 nursing problems elicit relevant nursing actions that lead to the improvement and restoration of client’s health status which in turn aids the client in resuming activities of daily living increasing his productivity level thus benefiting the society   (Potter & Perry, 1993).In conclusion, Abdellah’s typology of 21 nursing problems remedied the predicaments faced by the profession in earlier times. It has helped teach and evaluate student’s competency through its formulation. It provided a means of gaining autonomy from the practice of medicine through the creation of a scientific body of knowledge unique to nursing.Abdellah’s work is very straightforward and uncomplicated. It explicitly described the major concepts essential to nursing such as nursing itself, nursing problems and the problem-solving approach through which the problems can be intervened. The concepts of health, person and environment which are now included in the scope of nursing are also implied.The goals of this model vary but all are directed to affect nursing. The extensive goal of this model is to generally elicit positive transformation in nursing education while its subgoals would include providing a scientific basis for practice and a tool in evaluating student’s capacity and competency (McLemore & Hill, 1965).To date, Abellah did not only meet the goal of her work. Her work has also affected different aspects of nursing— nursing practice, nursing research and nursing education in general. As emphasized in this paper, Abdellah’s overall contribution to the body of nursing is the acquisition of professional autonomy and professional identity through the creation of the 21 nursing problems. Her problem-solving approach increases our assessment and critical-thinking skills needed in identifying client’s concerns to properly plan, select and implement our healthcare. It also enhances and promotes nurse-patient interaction as we make patients the central focus of care instead of focusing on the disease process (Parascandola, 1994).Nursing has been practiced as profession for more than a century. The profession was based merely on rules, concepts and experiences passed on by professionals to students. It was only in the advent of serious discussion and testing of theories that nursing has been established as a science. Through Abdellah’s work and the development of other relevant nursing theories, we have proven that our profession can stand by itself and achieve our goals towards patient-centered care (Parascandola, 1994).

Tuesday, October 22, 2019

Negligence kills Essay Example

Negligence kills Essay Example Negligence kills Essay Negligence kills Essay Negligence kills Carelessness is the main reason for any accident. If a person drives rashly on road one or two may get injured or killed. When a building is constructed with out following any norms it would result in the death of few people. Where as if an event is organized lack of precautionary measures that may lead to the loss of many lives. Even after witnessing number of fire accidents in the city the concerned authorities fail to implement the existing policies for safety of the public. Fire safety compliance rate is so pathetic in the city. The recent incidents that took place prove the uselessness of the people as well as the officials. There is an unprecedented increase in high rise building infernos at various places in our city, thanks to our civic authorities, who take no account of the rules and regulations pertaining to fire safety norms in high rise buildings and grants the permission to construct the building, also no code of conduct is followed, when it comes to fire safety rules for already constructed buildings and adjacent areas where a risk major fire breakout is looming large. Take for instance of the ghastly fire, which broke out and engulfed an entire ulterior building and the surrounding area in our very own city this incident took place in Applauded where eight adjacent apartments were engulfed in the blaze and thick suffocating smoke covered the entire area making lives of the people miserable. The prima facie evidence reveals that the fire safety protocol was not followed at this ill-fated building as a result, the residents were totally perplexed and were unable to tame the inferno which clammed huge causalities. How ever, some people did manage to flee away to nearby safe locations. In another fire incident in he city, 30 to 40 huts were completely gutted in Regenerator. The fire was caused by a burning garbage heap near one of the tents. Locals, however, put out the fire using water from nearby apartments before fore tenders arrived. The station fire officer of Chandler Barrier, Mr.. Astrakhan Reedy said that the huts belonged to daily wagers who worked at a construction site nearby. All of them were away at work when the fire spread. Fortunately the people in the locality did not panic and doused the fire using water from nearby apartments. Mr.. Astrakhan Reedy, said that the loss was estimated at around RSI. Lash. Nobody was injured as the residents were out for work at the construction site, he said. It is important to note that the state is experiencing an acute shortage of fire engines and fire stations. The director of fire services has earlier said that 48 fire tenders had been discarded and they have not been replaced. The Monika fire tragedy took the lives of eight persons. Property worth thousands of rupees was gutted when a fire broken out in the godson of a paints factory at Remarried magna in Estimated. Simply registering a case and punishing the guilty is not the solution. It is very easy to arrest a person who is guilty for a particular accident. Is he the only person responsible to that? Unauthorized buildings in the erstwhile Villages abutting western side of city are prone to catastrophe. The Monika fire disaster was waiting to happen because of the large-scale unauthorized Dullness Tanat nave come up In ten erstwhile Visages abutting the western side of the city coinciding with the real estate boom. Investigators probing into the fire accident at Monika suspect that electrical short-circuit could be one of the causes for the mishap. The owner, Vicar Kumar took temporary connection from an adjacent building in violation of norms to get power supply for the premises used to store material required, for shooting films and TV serials. Sparks could have first emanated from the shed and later spread to Babe Novas apartment. Strong winds had also fuelled the fire, said a senior fire official. Proposals were sent to the government requesting ex gratin to those who died in the accident. Officials of Revenue and RB Departments were collecting more details to assess property damage in affected flats and to check he structural stability of the building. At present, the flat-owners are staying at their relatives houses. The Cybercafà © police said fire broke out from a shed used for storing film shooting material and spread to the Babe Novas apartment. Kumar allegedly took an illegal temporary electrical connection from the adjacent building in violation of the norms to get power supply. Officials suspect that sparks could have started from the shed and later spread to the apartment building, resulting in the death toll. Nursing Inspector P. Marinara said cases were booked against shed- when Vicar Kumar under Sections AAA (causing death by negligence), 337 (causing hurt) 285 (Negligent conduct with respect to fire) of EPIC and arrested Vicar Kumar, owner of the shed, which caught fire in Monika on Sunday, killing eight persons including a child. Fifty-four-year-old, Kumar, is said to have stored shooting material in the temporary structure abutting the Babe Novas Apartment in Monika. A four- page report explaining the circumstances that led to the fire was also submitted to the government. The developer of Babe Novas had also constructed the apartment thou complying with norms. He took permission for constructing a ground plus three-stored building, but added two additional floors. The building owner had also failed to implement the necessary fire safety measures prescribed under the National Building Code (NBC). In a press release here, Chief Minister N. Koran Kumar Reedy expressed shock over the incident. He instructed officials concerned to initiate stern action against those responsible for mishap and extended condolences to the bereaved family members. The mishap occurred outside the CHEM. Limits, but it does not mean that there are o potential towering infernos within. While most new constructions after the common building rules came into force and after the formation of the Fire Prevention Wing (FEW) within the municipal corporation have been adhering to the mandatory fire safety stipulations, the order building lag in this aspect, putting many lives in danger, officials admit. For example, there are 1 ,865-odd pent houses, illegal as per the law, but no action is taken. A majority of the penthouse owners applied for regulations under the Building Finalization Scheme (BSP) and there was a serious debate whether to come UT with an innovative set of rules taking the current conditions into account. But it got scamper down as there were doubts whether it would pass legal scrutiny and the stipulations of the Airports Authority of India (AI). The same napped Witt some residential apartments AT more than B meters kneeling AT various measures mooted to make them fire proof have not taken concrete shape due to various kinds of apprehensions. The threat of sealing and even forcible closure of a couple of them did force a few flats owners to install fire hydrants, extinguishers and hose pipes if not the entire rappelling. The Fops periodic surveys, notices, and demonstrations in schools and hospitals in the last couple of years have moved things a bit in making some public buildings fit for firefighting. Of the 489 hospitals issued notices to follow fire safety norms after the Park Hospital mishap, 350 had complied. The compliance rate in schools and commercial complexes, including malls, is pretty poor. Only 1 5 of the 450 commercial complexes had installed fore fighting measures and among schools, of the 2,514 about 129 had complied, officials revealed. Very recently two powerful explosions ripped through crowded areas at Dilapidating in the eastern part of the city, killing 17 persons and injuring more than 83. The first blast occurred on the city busiest road that links it with Piscataway; as terrified people were scampering to safety, the second blast went off. Authorities say the explosions were caused by improvised explosive devices that could have been kept on bicycles or packed inside frames of bicycles. The twin blasts brought back painful memories of the August 25, 2007 DE attacks in Lambing Park, in rent of the State secretariat, and at Ghoul Chat in Kith that killed 44 people. Incidentally, one of these blasts took place near a crowded foot over-bridge, where security forces defused an DE five years ago. The device was to go off along with the blasts in Lambing Park and Ghoul Chat. Eyewitnesses at And Tiffin Centre, near the spot where the first blast took place, said someone began shouting about a bomb going off. Even as confused people watched, the DE detonated. The eternal question which is always asked after such disastrous mishaps is who is responsible for the death of innocent persons? What did those innocent persons do to deserve this? The answer to this obvious question lies with our concerned authorities, who turn a blind eye to the public safety norms. Equally responsible are those persons who are negligent and dont follow the safety guidelines at their house premise or surroundings, putting their lives at high risk. There are various norms regarding fire safety, which addresses to prevent fire due to inflammable materials and also spreading of fire to nearby buildings. The builder should use standard electrical tinting to prevent electrical fire originating from short-circuits. They should also try to use flame proof wooden products and plywood where ever possible to bring down the risk of fire. Adequate water storage and basic fire fighting equipments should be provided at every high rise buildings. A team of residents from each building must be trained by local fire fighting squad so that they can come into action when ever there is a fire emergency. Adequate amount of space should be maintained between two buildings so that the fire can not spread rapidly to other buildings and facilitate he maneuver of the fire engines and fire fighting equipments in case of a fire accident. All the fire safety norms are well legislated and stringent laws are made but the problem is that, none of the rules are abided properly by the builder and they in turn get away with a certificate of completion given to them by civic bodies by bribing them. Builders should understand that they are in turn playing with lives of innocent residents. I nà ©e residents also snouts Tallow applicable and keep fire breakouts at bay. Ten Mullen Tire estate rules wanly are